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Book 

, 6r % in-- 1 

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orace Greeley 



BY 

WHITELAW REID 



fjJojmyJc. 1 . 

■\k Ck. 1879. 



NEW YORK 
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
1879 



E4i 



Copyright, 1879/BY 
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 



Trow's 

Printing and Bookbinding Company 
205-213 East Twelfth Street, 
New York. 



HORACE GREELEY. 



Horace Greeley, an eminent American 
editor, was born at Amherst, New Hampshire, 
February 3, 181 1. His parents were of Scotch- 
Irish descent, but the ancestors of both had 
oeen in New England for several generations. 
He was the third of seven children. His father, 
^accheus Greeley, owned a farm of fifty acres 
>f stony, sterile land, from which a bare sup- 
oort was wrung. Horace was a feeble and pre- 
cocious lad, taking little interest in the ordinary 
sports of childhood, learning to read before he 
was able to talk plainly, and being the prodigy" 
of the neighborhood for accurate spelling. Be- 
fore he was ten years old his father, through 
bad management and indorsing for his neigh- 
bors, became bankrupt, and his home was sold 
by the sheriff, while Zaccheus Greeley himself 
fled the State to escape arrest for debt. The 
family soon removed to West Haven, Vt., 



4 



HORACE GREELEY. 



where, all working together, they made a scanty- 
living as day laborers. Horace Greeley from 
childhood desired to be a printer, and, when 
barely eleven years old, tried to be taken as an 
apprentice in a village office, but was rejected 
on account of his youth. After three years 
more with the family as a day laborer at West 
Haven, he succeeded, with his father's consent, 
in being apprenticed in the office of The North- 
ern Spectator, at East Poultney, Vermont. 
Here he soon became a good workman, devel- 
oped a passion for politics, and especially for 
political statistics, came to be depended upon 
for more or less of the editing of the paper, and 
was a figure in the village debating society. 
He received only $40 a year, but he spent 
almost nothing himself, and sent most of his 
money to his father. In his twentieth year 
The Northern Spectator was suspended. Mean- 
time his father had removed to a small tract of 
wild land in the dense forests of Western Penn- 
sylvania, thirty miles from Erie. The released 
apprentice now visited his parents, and worked 
for a little time with them on the farm, mean- 
while seeking employment in various printing 
offices, and, when he got it, giving nearly his 
whole earnings to his father. At last, with no 



HORACE GREELEY. 



s 



further prospect of work nearer home, he started 
for New York. He travelled on foot and by" 
canal-boat, entering New York in August, 
1 83 1, with all his clothes in a bundle carried 
over his back with a stick, and with but ten 
dollars in his pocket. More than half of this 
sum was exhausted while he made vain efforts 
to find employment. Many refused, in the be- 
lief that he was a runaway apprentice, and his 
poor, ill-fitting apparel and rustic look were 
everywhere greatly against him. At last he 
fonnd work on a 32mo New Testament, set in 
agate, double columns, with a middle column 
of notes in pearl. It was so difficult and so 
poorly paid that other printers had all aban- 
doned it. He barely succeeded in making 
enough to pay his board bill, but he finished 
the task, and thus found subsequent employ- 
ment easier to get. 

In January, 1833, Greeley formed a partner- 
ship with Francis V. Story, a fellow-workman. 
Their combined capital amounted to $150. 
Procuring their type on credit, they opened a 
small office, and undertook the printing of the 
first cheap paper published in New York. Its 
projector, Dr. H. D. Sheppard, meant to sell it 
for one cent, but under the arguments of Gree- 



6 



HORACE GREELEY. 



ley he was persuaded to fix the price at two 
cents. The paper failed in three weeks, the 
printers only losing $50 or $60 by the experi- 
ment. They still had a "Bank Note Report- 
er" to print, and soon got some lottery print- 
ing. Within six months Story was drowned, 
but his brother-in-law, James Winchester, took 
his place in the firm. Greeley was now asked 
by James Gordon Bennett to go into partner- 
ship with him in starting T/ie Herald. He de- 
clined the venture, but recommended the part- 
ner whom Bennett subsequently took. On the 
22d of March, 1834, Greeley and Winchester 
issued the first number of 'Ike New Yorker ', a 
weekly literary and news paper, the firm then 
supposing itself to be worth about $3,000. Of 
the first number they sold about 100 copies ; ol 
the second, nearly 200. There was an average 
increase for the next month of about 100 copies 
per week. The second volume began with a 
circulation of about 4,550 copies, and with a 
loss on the first year's publication of $3,000. 
The second year ended with 7,000 subscribers, 
and a further loss of $2,000. By the end of 
the third year The New Yorker had reached a 
circulation of 9,500 copies, and a total loss of 
$7,000. It was published nearly seven years 



HORACE GREELEY. 



7 



and was never profitable, but it was widely pop- 
ular, and it gave Greeley, who was its sole edi- 
tor, much prominence. 

On the 5th of July, 1836, Greeley married 
Miss Mary Y. Cheney, a Connecticut school- 
teacher, whom he had met in a Grahamite 
(vegetarian) boarding-house in New York. 

During the publication of The New Yorker 
he added to the scanty income which the job 
printing brought him by supplying editorials 
to The Daily Whig and various other publica- 
tions. In 1838 he had gained such standing 
as a writer that he was selected by Thurlow 
Weed, William H. Seward, and other leaders 
of the Whig party, for the editorship of a cam- 
paign paper entitled The Jeffersonian, pub- 
lished at Albany. He continued The New 
Yorker, and travelled between Albany and 
New York each week to edit the two papers. 
The Jeffersonian was a quiet and instructive, 
rather than a vehement campaign sheet, and 
the Whigs believed that it had a great effect 
upon the elections of the next year. When, on 
the 2d of May, 1840, some time after the nom- 
ination by the Whig party of William Henry 
Harrison for the Presidency, Greeley began 
the publication of a new weekly campaign 



8 



HORACE GREELEY. 



paper, The Log Cabin, it sprang at once into a 
great circulation ; 48,000 copies of the first 
number were sold, and it finally rose to 90,000. 
It was considered a brilliant political success, 
but it was not profitable. On April 3, 1841, 
Greeley announced that on the following Sat- 
urday he would begin the publication of a daily 
newspaper of the same general principles, to 
be called The Tribune. He was now entirely 
without money. From a personal friend, Mr. 
James Coggeshall, he borrowed $1,000, on 
which capital and the editor's reputation The 
Tribune was founded. It began with 6co sub- 
scribers. The first week's expenses were $525 
and the receipts $92. By the end of the fourth 
week it had run up a circulation of 6,000, and 
by the seventh reached 11,000, which was then 
the full capacity of its press. It was alert, 
cheerful, and aggressive, was greatly helped by 
the attacks of rival papers, and promised suc- 
cess almost from the start. 

From this time Greeley was popularly iden- 
tified with The Tribune, and its share in the 
public discussion of the time is his history. It 
soon became moderately prosperous, and his 
assured income should have placed him beyond 
pecuniary worry. In a period of twenty-four 



HORACE GREELEY. 



9 



years The Tribune divided between its owners 
the sum of $1,240,000, besides a surplus of 
$381,939 earned and invested in real estate 
and improved machinery. The average annual 
dividend on each share (representing y^- of the 
property) was $516.66. Greeley's income was 
long above $15,000 per year, frequently as 
much as $35,000 or more. But he lacked busi- 
ness thrift, inherited a disposition to indorse 
for his friends, and was often unable to distin- 
guish between deserving applicants for aid and 
adventurers. He was thus frequently straitened, 
and, as his necessities pressed, he sold succes- 
sive interests in his newspaper. At the outset 
he owned the whole of it. When it was already 
clearly established, he took in Thomas M'Elrath 
as an equal partner, upon the contribution of 
$2,000 to the common fund. By the 1st of 
January, 1849, he had reduced his interest to 
3li shares out of 100; by July 2, i860, to 15 
shares ; in 1868 he owned only 9 ; and in 1872, 
only 6. In 1867 the stock sold for $6,500 per 
share, and his last sale was for $9,600. He 
bought wild lands, took stock in mining com- 
panies, desiccated egg companies, patent looms, 
photo-lithographic companies, gave away pro- 
fusely, lent to plausible rascals, and was the 



10 



HORACE GREELEY. 



ready prey of every new inventor who chanced 
to find him with money or with property that 
he could readily convert into money. 

In the autumn of 185 1 Greeley merged his 
weekly papers, The Log Cabifi and The New 
Yorker, into The Weekly Tribune^ which soon 
attained as wide circulation as its predecessors, 
and was much more profitable. It rose in a 
time of great political excitement to a total 
circulation of a quarter of a million, and it 
sometimes had for successive years 140,000 to 
150,000. For several years it was rarely much 
below 100,000. Its subscribers were found 
throughout all quarters of the northern half of 
the Union from Maine to Oregon, large packa- 
ges going to remote rural districts beyond the 
Mississippi or Missouri, whose only connection 
with the outside world was through a weekly 
or semi-weekly mail. The readers of this 
weekly paper acquired a personal affection for 
its editor, and he was thus for many years the 
American writer most widely known and most 
popular among the rural classes. The circula- 
tion of The Daily Tribune was never propor- 
tionately great — its advocacy of a protective 
tariff, prohibitory liquor legislation, and other 
peculiarities, repelling a large support which it 



HORACE GREELEY, 



II 



might otherwise have commanded in New York. 
It rose within a short time after its establish- 
ment to a circulation of 20,000, reached 50,000 
and 60,000 during the war for the Union, and 
thereafter ranged at from 30,000 to 45,000. A 
semi-weekly edition was also printed, which 
ultimately reached a steady circulation of from 
15,000 to 25,000. 

From the outset it was a cardinal principle 
with Greeley to hear all sides, and to extend a 
special hospitality to new ideas. In The Tri- 
bune s first year it began to give one column 
daily to a discussion of the doctrines of Charles 
Fourier, contributed by Albert Brisbane. Grad- 
ually Greeley came to advocate some of these 
doctrines editorially. In 1846 he had a sharp 
discussion upon them with a former subordinate, 
Henry J. Raymond, then employed upon a rival 
journal. It continued through twelve articles 
on each side, and was subsequently published 
in book form. Greeley became personally in- 
terested in one of the Fourierite associations, 
the American Phalanx, at Red Bank, N. J. 
(1843-50), while the influence of his discussions 
doubtless led to other socialistic experiments. 
One of these was that at Brook Farm, which 
embraced Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel 



12 



HORACE GREELEY. 



Hawthorne among its members. When this 
was abandoned, its president, George Ripley, 
with one or two other members, sought em- 
ployment from Greeley upon The Tribune. 
Greeley dissented from many of Fourier's prop- 
ositions, and in later years was careful to ex- 
plain that the principle of association for the 
common good of workingmen and the elevation 
of labor was the chief feature which attracted 
him. Co-operation among workingmen he con- 
tinued to urge throughout his life. In 1848 the 
Fox Sisters, on his wife's invitation, spent some 
time at his house. His attitude toward their 
" rappings " and " spiritual manifestations" was 
one of observation and inquiry ; and, while he 
never pronounced all the manifestations fraudu- 
lent, he distrusted most of them, and declared 
that as yet he saw no good in them, and nothing 
specially requiring the attention of intelligent 
men. From boyhood he had believed in a pro- 
tective tariff, and throughout his active life he 
was its most trenchant advocate and propagand- 
ist. Besides constantly urging it in the columns 
of The Tribu7te y he appeared as early as 1843 
in a public debate on " The Grounds of Protec- 
tion," with Samuel J. Tilden and Parke Godwin 
as his opponents. A series of popular essays 



HORACE GREELEY. 



on the subject were published over his own sig- 
nature in The Tribune m 1869, and subsequently 
republished in book form, with a title-page de- 
scribing protection to home industry as a system 
of national co-operation for the elevation of 
labor. He opposed woman suffrage on the 
ground that the majority of women did not 
want it and never would, but aided practical 
efforts for extending the sphere of woman's em- 
ployments. He opposed the theatres, and for 
a time refused to publish their advertisements. 
He held the most rigid views on the sanctity of 
marriage and against easy divorce, and vehe- 
mently defended them in controversies with 
Robert Dale Owen and others. He practised 
and pertinaciously advocated total abstinence 
from spirituous liquors, but did not regard pro- 
hibitory laws as always wise. He denounced 
the repudiation of State debts or the failure to 
pay interest on them. He was zealous for Irish 
repeal, once held a place in the " Directory of 
the Friends of Ireland," and contributed liber- 
ally to its support. He used the occasion of 
Dickens's first visit to America to urge interna- 
tional copyright, and was one of the few editors 
to avoid alike the flunkeyism with which Dick- 
ens was first received, and the ferocity with 



14 



HORACE GREELEY. 



which he was assailed after the publication of 
his "American Notes." On the occasion of 
Dickens's second visit to America Greeley pre- 
sided at the great banquet given him by the 
press of the country. He made the first elabo- 
rate reports of popular scientific lectures by 
Agassiz and other authorities. He gave ample 
hearing to the advocates of phonography and 
of phonetic spelling. He was one of the most 
conspicuous advocates of the Pacific railroads, 
and of many other internal improvements. 

But it is as an anti-slavery leader, and as per- 
haps the chief agency in educating the mass of 
the Northern people to that opposition through 
legal forms to the extension of slavery which 
culminated in the election of Abraham Lincoln 
and the War of the Rebellion, that Greeley's 
main work was done. Incidents in it were his 
vehement opposition to the Mexican War as a 
scheme for more slave territory, the assault 
made upon him in Washington by Congressman 
Albert Rust of Arkansas in 1856, an indict- 
ment in Virginia in the same year for circulating 
incendiary documents, perpetual denunciation 
of him in Southern newspapers and speeches, 
and the hostility of the Abolitionists, who re- 
garded his course as too conservative. His 



HORACE GREELEY. 



15 



anti-slavery work culminated in his appeal to 
President Lincoln, entitled " The Prayer of 
Twenty Millions," in which he urged " that all 
attempts to put down the rebellion and at the 
same time uphold its inciting cause were " pre- 
posterous and futile," and that " every hour of 
deference to slavery" was " an hour of added 
and deepened peril to the Union." President 
Lincoln in his reply said : — " My paramount 
object is to save the Union, and not either to 
save or destroy slavery. . . . What I do about 
slavery and the colored race, I do because I 
believe it helps to save this Union ; and what I 
forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it 
would help to save the Union. ... I have 
here stated my purpose according to my views 
of official duty ; and I intend no modification 
of my oft- expressed personal wish that all men 
everywhere could be free." Precisely one month 
after the date of this reply the Emancipation 
Proclamation was issued. 

Greeley's political activity, first as a Whig, and 
then as one of the founders of the Republican 
party, was incessant ; but he held few offices. 
In 1848-9 he served a three months' term in 
Congress, filling a vacancy. He introduced 
the first bill for giving small tracts of Govern- 



i6 



HORACE GREELEY. 



ment land free to actual settlers, and published 
an exposure of abuses in the allowance of mile- 
age to members, which corrected the evil but 
brought him much personal obloquy. In the 
National Republican Convention in i860, not 
being sent by the Republicans of his own State 
on account of his opposition to Governor Sew- 
ard as a candidate, he was made a delegate for 
Oregon. His active hostility to Seward did 
much to prevent the success of that statesman, 
and to bring about instead the nomination of 
Abraham Lincoln. This was attributed by his 
opponents to personal motives, and a letter 
from Greeley to Seward, the publication of 
which he challenged, was produced, to show 
that in his struggling days he had been wounded 
at Seward's failure to offer him office. In 1861 
he was a candidate for United States Senator, 
his principal opponent being William M. Evarts. 
When it was clear that Mr. Evarts could not be 
elected, his supporters threw their votes for a 
third candidate, Ira Harris, who was thus 
chosen over Greeley by a small majority. At 
the outbreak of the war he favored allowing the 
Southern States to secede, provided a majority 
of their people at a fair election should so de- 
cide, declaring " that he hoped never to live in a 



HORACE GREELEY. 



I/ 



Republic whereof one section was pinned to the 
other by bayonets." When the war began he 
urged the most vigorous prosecution of it. The 
st on to Richmond " appeal, which appeared 
day after day in The Tribune , was incorrectly 
attributed to him, and it did not wholly meet 
his approval ; but after the defeat at Bull Run 
he was widely blamed for it. In 1 864 he urged 
negotiations for peace with representatives of 
the Southern Confederacy in Canada, and was 
sent by President Lincoln to confer with them. 
They were found to have no sufficient authority. 
In 1864 he was one of the Lincoln Presidential 
electors for New York. At the close of the 
war, contrary to the general feeling of his party, 
he urged universal amnesty and impartial suf- 
frage as the basis of reconstruction. In 1867 
his friends again wished to elect him to the Sen- 
ate of the United States, and the indications 
were all in his favor. But he refused to be 
elected under any misapprehension of his atti- 
tude, and with what his friends thought un- 
necessary candor, restated his obnoxious views 
on universal amnesty at length, just before the 
time for the election, with the certainty that 
this would prevent his success. Some months 
later he signed the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, 
2 



18 



HORACE GREELEY. 



and this provoked a torrent of public indigna- 
tion. He had written a popular history of the 
late war, the first volume having an immense 
sale and bringing him unusually large profits. 
The second was just issued, and the subscribers, 
in their anger, refused by thousands to receive 
it. The Union League Club, of New York, 
gave him notice, through its President, John 
Jay, of a special meeting called to consider his 
conduct. In an indignant letter he refused to 
attend the meeting, and challenged the club to 
a direct issue. " Your attempt," he wrote, " to 
base a great, enduring party on the hate and 
wrath necessarily engendered by a bloody civil 
war is as though you should plant a colony on 
an iceberg which had somehow drifted into a 
tropical ocean. I tell you here that, out of a 
life earnestly devoted to the good of human 
kind, your children will select my going to 
Richmond and signing that bail bond as the 
wisest act. . . . All I care for is that you 
make this a square, stand-up fight, and record 
your judgment by yeas and nays. I care not 
how few vote with me, nor how many vote 
against me ; for I know that the latter will re- 
pent it in dust and ashes before three years 
have passed." 



HORACE GREELEY. 



19 



The effort to expel him failed. In 1867 he 
was elected delegate at large to the Conven- 
tion for the revision of the State constitution. 
In 1869 he was the Republican candidate for 
State Comptroller. There was no hope that any- 
one on the ticket that year could be elected, but 
he received more votes than most of his associ- 
ates. In 1870 he was nominated for Congress 
in a Democratic district. His illness prevented 
his making any canvass, but his nomination re- 
duced the Democratic majority from 2,700 two 
years before to about 1,000, and he ran 300 
ahead of the Republican candidate for Gov- 
ernor. 

He was dissatisfied with the conduct of Gen- 
eral Grant's administration, and became its sharp 
critic. The discontent which he did much to 
develop ended in the organization of the " Lib- 
eral Republican " party, which held its National 
Convention at Cincinnati in 1872, and was con- 
fidently expected to nominate Charles Francis 
Adams for the Presidency. Greeley, however, 
had unexpected strength, especially among the 
Southern delegates, and on the sixth ballot re- 
ceived 332 votes against 324 for Adams, — im- 
mediate changes reducing the Adams vote still 
further, so that as the ballot was recorded it 



20 



HORACE GREELEY. 



stood — Greeley, 482 ; Adams, 187. For a time 
the tide of feeling ran strongly in his favor. It 
was first checked by the action of his life-long 
opponents, the Democrats, who also nominated 
him at their National Convention. He expected 
their support, on account of his attitude toward 
the South and hostility to Grant, but he thought 
it a mistake to give him their formal nomination, 
The event proved his wisdom. Many Republi- 
cans who had sympathized with his criticisms 
of the administration, and with the declaration 
of principles adopted at the first convention, 
were repelled by the coalition. This feeling 
grew stronger until the election. His old party 
associates regarded him as a renegade, and the 
Democrats gave him a half-hearted support. 
The tone of the canvass was one of unusual bit- 
terness, amounting sometimes to actual ferocity. 
In August, on representations of the alarming 
state of the contest, he took the field in person, 
and made a series of campaign speeches, begin- 
ning in New England and extending through- 
out Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana, which 
aroused great enthusiasm, and were regarded at 
the time by both friends and opponents as the 
most brilliant continuous exhibition of varied 
intellectual power ever made by a candidate in a 



HORACE GREELEY. 



21 



Presidential canvass. General Grant received in 
the election 3,597,070 votes; Greeley 2,834,079. 
The only States Greeley carried were Georgia, 
Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Tennessee, and 
Texas. 

He had resigned his editorship of The Tri- 
bune immediately after the nomination ; he now- 
resumed it cheerfully ; but it was soon apparent 
that his powers had been overstrained. For 
years he had suffered greatly from sleeplessness. 
During the intense excitement of the campaign 
the difficulty was increased. Returning from 
his campaign tour, he went immediately to the 
bedside of his dying wife, and for some weeks 
had practically no sleep at all. This resulted 
in an inflammation of the upper membrane of 
the brain, delirium, and death. He expired on 
the 29th of November, 1872. His funeral was 
a simple but impressive public pageant. The 
body lay in state in the City Hall, where it was 
surrounded by crowds of many thousands. The 
ceremonies were attended by the President and 
Vice-President of the United States, the Chief- 
Justice of the Supreme Court, and a large num- 
ber of eminent public men of both parties, who 
followed the hearse in a solemn procession, pre- 
ceded by the Mayor and other civic authorities, 



22 



HORACE GREELEY. 



down Broadway. He had been the target of 
constant attack during his life, and his personal 
foibles, careless dress, and mental eccentricities 
were the theme of endless ridicule. But his 
death revealed the high regard in which he 
was generally held as a leader of opinion and 
faithful public servant. " Our later Franklin," 
Whittier called him, and it is in some such light 
his countrymen remember him. 

In 185 1 Greeley visited Europe for the first 
time, serving as a juryman at the Crystal Palace 
Exhibition, appearing before a committee of 
the House of Commons on newspaper taxes, 
and urging the repeal of the stamp duty on 
advertisements. In 1855 he made a second 
trip to Europe. In Paris he was arrested on 
the suit of a sculptor, whose statue had been 
injured in the New York World's Fair (of which 
he had been a director), and spent two days in 
Clichy, of which he gave an amusing account. 
In 1859 he visited California by the overland 
route, and had numerous public receptions. 
In 1 871 he visited Texas, and his trip through 
the southern country, where he had once been 
so odious, was an ovation. About 1852 he 
purchased a farm at Chappaqua, New York, 
where he afterward habitually spent his Satur- 



HORACE GREELEY. 



days, and experimented in agriculture. He 
was in constant demand as a lecturer from 1843, 
when he made his first appearance on the plat^ 
form, always drew large audiences, and, in spite 
of his bad management in money matters, re- 
ceived considerable sums, sometimes $6,000 or 
$7,000 for a single winter's lecturing. He was 
also much sought for as a contributor, over his 
own signature, to the weekly newspapers, and 
was sometimes largely paid for these articles. 
In religious faith he was from boyhood a Uni- 
versalist, and for many years a conspicuous 
member of the leading Universalist church in 
New York. 

His published works are : — Hints Toward 
Reforms (New York, 1850) ; Glances at Europe 
(185 1) ; History of the Struggle for Slavery Ex- 
tension (1856) ; Overland Journey to San Fran- 
cisco (i860) ; The American Conflict (two vols., 
Hartford, 1864-66, pp. 648 and 782, dedicated 
to " John Bright, British Commoner and Chris- 
tian Statesman, the friend of my country be- 
cause the friend of mankind ") ; Recollections 

of a Busy Z//>(New York, 1868) ; new edition, 
with appendix containing an account of his later 
years, his Argument on Marriage and Divorce 

with Robert Dale Owen, and Miscellanies, New 



24 



HORACE GREELEY. 



York, 1873) ; Essays on Political Economy 
(Boston, 1870); What I know of Farming 
(New York, 1871). He also assisted his broth- 
er-in-law, John F. Cleveland, in editing A Polit- 
ical Text-Book (New York, i860), and super- 
vised for many years the annual issues of The 
Whig Almanac and The Tribune Almanac, 
comprising extensive political statistics. 

Lives of Greeley have been written by James 
Parton (New York, 1855 ; new editions, 1868, 
and Boston, 1872) ; L. U. Reavis (New York, 
1872), and L. D. Ingersoll (Chicago, 1873). 
There is also a Memorial of Horace Greeley 
(New York, 1873). 



orace Greeley 



BY 

WHITELAW REID 



NEW YORK 
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
1879 ' 

[ Price 25 Cents. ] 



The Standard Edition of Gladstone's Essays. 



0lFanings of JPas* Dfhps. 

BY 

The Right Hon. W. E. GLADSTONE. 



Seven Volumes, l6mo, Cloth, per volume, $1.0O. 



The extraordinary scope of Mr. Gladstone's learning — the wonder of 
his friends and enemies alike — and his firm grasp of every subject he 
discusses, make his essays much more than transient literature. Their 
collection and publication in permanent shape were of course certain to 
be undertaken sooner or later; and now that they are so published with 
the benefit of his own revision, they will need little heralding in England 
or America. 

What Mr. Gladstone has written in the last thirty-six years — the period 
covered by this collection — has probably had the attention of as large an 
English-speaking public as any writer on political and social topics ever 
reached in his own life-time. The papers which he has chosen as of 
lasting value, and included here under the title of Gleanings of Past 
Years, will form the standard edition of his miscellanies, both for his 
present multitude of readers, and for those who will study his writing! 
'ater. 



Vol. I. The Throne, and the Prince Consort; 
The Cabinet, and Constitution. 
Vol. II.— Personal and Literary. 
Vol. III.— Historical and Speculative. 
Vol. IV.— Foreign. 

y.°!" \ Ecclesiastical. 
Vol. VI. ) 

Vol. VII.— Miscellaneous. 

***TAe above books for sale by all booksellers, or will be sent, prepaid, upon 
receipt of price, by 

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